Categories
Recipes

Peach-snap Pie

Ingredients

Crust

  • 2 cups gingersnap cookie crumbs (about 60 cookies, crumbled)
  • 1/4 cup sugar
  • 1/2 cup butter, melted
  • 1 shot peach schnapps

Filling

  • 1/3 cup sugar
  • 3 T. cornstarch
  • 1/4 tsp. salt
  • 21⁄2 cups milk
  • 2 tsp. vanilla
  • 4 ripe peaches, peeled, pitted and thinly sliced
  • 2 to 3 T. sugar
  • 1/4 tsp. ginger
  • 1/2 tsp. cinnamon

Preparation
To make crust, combine cookie crumbs, 1/4 cup sugar, melted butter and peach schnapps. Mix well and press into bottom and up sides of pie plate; chill.

To make filling, combine cornstarch with 1/3 cup sugar and 1/4 teaspoon salt in a saucepan. Gradually whisk in milk. Cook over medium heat, stirring constantly, until mixture thickens. Remove from heat and add vanilla; chill.

To assemble, pour pudding into pie shell. Arrange peach slices on top. Combine 2 to 3 tablespoons sugar with ginger and cinnamon; sprinkle over pie. (Add more or less ginger and cinnamon, depending on your preference.)

Serves 6 to 8.

Categories
Homesteading Recipes

Grilling Guidelines

Follow these Grilling Guidelines from Hobby Farms to ensure your foods are safe and delicious
Courtesy Stock.XCHNG
Reduce carcinogenic effects of grilled food by taking precautions while cooking.

Cookouts bring lots of opportunities to enjoy good food. And because they also bring opportunities for food-borne illnesses, extra care is required in selecting and preparing foods bound for the grill.

Studies by the National Cancer Institute have shown that chemicals created during high-temperature cooking of certain muscle meats (beef, pork, poultry and even fish) can increase human risk for cancer, including cancer of the stomach and colon. These heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are classified as carcinogenic compounds by the Food and Drug Administration.

Temperature and rate of doneness are contributing factors to the creation of HCAs during cooking. The NCI reports researchers found that people who ate beef cooked medium-well or well-done had more than three times the risk of stomach cancer than those who ate the same meats rare or medium-rare.

Additional risks are posed by grilled meats that are exposed to smoke resulting from fat dripping onto a heat source, such as hot coals. This smoke has been shown to contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, also known to be carcinogens.

So what’s a cookout-lover to do? All is not lost. For a safer barbecue:

  • Select lean cuts of meat to reduce the risk of smoke from dripping fat; remove skin from chicken before cooking.
  • To minimize fat dripping onto hot coals, place meat on aluminum foil pierced with small holes.
  • Scrub the grill rack thoroughly after every use.
  • Oil the grill rack before cooking on it.
  • Precook foods to reduce the length of time they need to be on the grill.
  • Marinate meats before cooking. A study published in the Journal of Food Science in July 2008 showed marinating reduced the formation of HCAs. Marinades infused with herbs, such as garlic, basil, rosemary, oregano and thyme, were found to be particularly effective—not to mention, very tasty.
  • Use a meat thermometer to ensure meats are cooked to a safe internal temperature. (See “Grilled Right” below.)
  • Remember to keep hot foods hot and cold foods cold.
  • If you marinate your meats, keep in mind that the marinade is considered a raw food. Discard the marinade after using—don’t return the grilled meat to it. If you want to save it for sauce, bring it to a boil in a saucepan for one minute.
  • Wash platters and utensils that have touched raw meat before reusing.

Grilled Right
Prevent food-borne illnesses by cooking meat correctly using these USDA-recommended safe internal temperatures for meats.

  • Poultry: 165 degrees F (whole, ground, parts)
  • Pork: 160 degrees F
  • Fish: 145 degrees F
  • Beef, veal and lamb:
         – 145 degrees (steaks and roasts)
    – 160 degrees F (ground)

 

Categories
Equipment

Sprayer Safety

While we buy a fair amount of organic produce and attempt to raise our fruits and vegetables as chemical free as we can, there are times we still resort to pesticides.

The other day I was getting ready to spray some glyphosate (Roundup) on the edges of my driveway. It was the first time this year to use my backpack sprayer. I mixed up a batch and began spraying or trying to do so.

Mistake #1:  I didn’t first try the sprayer with plain water before loading it with herbicides. I quickly discovered that while the unit was fully pressurized, the wand was not delivering spray.

Mistake #2: I didn’t remove the sprayer, release pressure and empty it before attempting repair. Assuming the problem was a plugged nozzle orifice, I unscrewed the tip of the wand. Nothing happened. I then unscrewed the wand itself from the hose end, releasing the pent up pressure and resulting in the herbicide soaking my clothes and my skin.

Mistake #3: I wasn’t wearing safety glasses. Luckily my reaction time was good, and I had shut my eyes before the spray reached them…and I held them shut. My wife led me into the house and to the shower. I shampooed and soaped down twice before opening my eyes. I also flushed my eyes twice with eyewash.

Mistake #4: I didn’t have my wife immediately flush my face and body with water from the garden hose.

Time is of the essence in a case like this. I deserved a cold bath for ignoring safety protocols. I was lucky…very, very lucky. Don’t be lucky. Be smart…and careful!

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Categories
Urban Farming

Apple Trees

Photo by Judith Hausman

An old apple tree blooms in spring.

Spring is a knockout in northern Westchester.

Like a stripper in reverse, she layers on new costumes every morning. She starts with the naughty cupped magnolias, slides her elegant arms into the girlish cherry, wraps herself in the dangling lavender and white lilacs with their outrageous hit of scent, and drapes the raucous azalea and unpredictable Japanese maple over her shoulders. She strides across the carpets of velvet pansies, trembling daffodils and innocent violets we put down for her, the scrim behind her spangling from gold and red to frank green imperceptibly.

In all this seductive showing, the get-up I look for and like best is the apple blossoms. The exuberant old trees come out of hiding everywhere—their pink and white riot just can’t help itself. As I go toward home on the highway, many trees poke out of the woods, under parkway overpasses and in the small woods surrounding a local college. Crooked, gangly specimens continue to cheerlead for spring when their apples have gone worm-holed and puckered, fit only to fatten deer and occasionally shelter wrinkly morels in this time of year.

I look for the plucky fruit trees, not only because they are courageous but also because they are so nostalgic. They wave at us and say, “There was an orchard here once, a small farmhouse orchard or a more substantial one.”

Horse and apple trees

Photo by Judith Hausman

Old apple trees remind of us about the time before suburbia took over the land.

I had a favorite skinny pear tree like that along a frequent walking route in Bedford. Its trunk was nearly hollow, but it still blossomed white in the spring. Once, I gathered abandoned yellow pears from three trees along the parking lot of my allergist’s office and put them up in ginger and syrup. Someone pruned and cared for the trees once. In fact, to bring back neglected fruit trees is long, slow work that now requires specialized knowledge and usually some chemicals.

Alan Haigh is an orchardist in my area. He needed as much as four years of nurturing to bring a neglected suburban orchard back into production.

“These gorgeous, gigantic apple trees are a part of our heritage that we’re losing,” says Haigh. “There’s no more intimate relationship with any plant than these fruit trees. We can have a lifelong relationship with them.”

Gentle gradual pruning, grafting programs, and organic or less frequent, less toxic spray programs are part of his advocacy for these beautiful trees. (Contact Haigh’s Home Orchard Company in Putnam Valley at 845-228-0219 or at haighal@aol.com.)

Hudson Valley orchard planner Lee Reich, author of Uncommon Fruits for Every Garden (Timber Press, 2004) and eight other gardening books, restores orchards, too, and also tries to introduce homeowners to easier fruit trees. “It’s easy to grow apples for wood but it’s harder to make them bear edible fruit.” (Contact Reich at 845-255-0417 or at garden@leereich.com.)

Still, the abandoned and volunteer apple trees I love persist.

Sometimes you pass a group of buildings around here that suggest a former hamlet. The homes, taverns, graveyards and schoolhouses do their best to send a mild message from another time in this part of the world—a sleepier, sometimes harder time, a time before suburbia. The old fruit trees, visible often only in poignant spring, speak that message, too. Even if second growth has shaded out their fruit or no human can reach to eat what remains, they show off, they catcall, they put in their two cents with a charming flurry of persistence and a soft, brief perfume.

I wrote about apple trees first in New York House magazine in 2006.

Read more of The Hungry Locavore »

Categories
Beginning Farmers

Abbey Road: Working Farm and Bed-and-Breakfast

The two silos were converted into guest rooms
Photo by Rhoda Peacher
The two outer silos of the Abbey Road Farm were converted to guest rooms for the farm’s bed-and-breakfast. The rooms have round walls, reminiscent of the buildings’ former uses.

Abbey Road Farm is a delightful working-farm bed-and-breakfast located in Oregon’s wine country. John and Judi Stuart have done a remarkable job creating a luxurious bed-and-breakfast and event center on a working farm. The guesthouse accommodations overlook a vista of vineyards and farmland in Oregon’s Yamhill County, located in the fertile Willamette Valley. The Stuarts have given new life to three silos by connecting them to a building that now houses the guestrooms for the bed-and-breakfast—a striking testament to their creativity and vision.

Making a Change
After spending 30 years in the insurance business in Las Vegas, the Stuarts decided it was time to make changes in their lives, starting with the purchase of a farm.

Hobby Farm HomeThe goal for their new farm life was simple: They wanted to find a way to make a living while still maintaining the agricultural integrity of the land. They also wanted to contribute to and be positive members of the community. John Stuart had definite ideas of the type of property he wanted. When he and his wife Judi visited Yamhill County in Oregon, he formed a vision of their new life and knew he had found the right area to build their future. The farm landscape felt comfortable and familiar to him, evoking memories of his childhood in England and Europe. 

After finding their desired community setting, John visited city and county government officials and explained to them his vision for a farm business. By including the county in his plans from the beginning, he garnered their support and help. When the Stuarts found the 82-acre former horse farm they wanted to buy in March 2003, acquiring permits and business licenses went smoothly.
 
Two acres of Queen Anne cherries were already established on the property, providing an immediate and obvious crop choice. They used 60 acres of open field to grow fescue grass seed—Oregon’s Willamette Valley has become known as “the grass-seed capital of the world,” so they knew grass seed would be a viable crop choice. They also added a small dairy-goat herd so they could make their own goat cheese and other goat’s milk products.

The first step was to build a new house. Next, they converted the grain silos into guest rooms for use as a bed-and-breakfast and transformed the horse barn into an event center. They updated the upstairs of the old farmhouse, and now it provides accommodations for families to stay for one week or more at the farm. The event center houses a commercial kitchen, where guest chefs are invited to cook for charity events. The farm can hold events for up to 1,000 people; although, events for 250 to 300 people are more common. 

Pushing the Envelope
This work could not have been done without the cooperation of the county planning officials. When Stuart first proposed the idea of converting silos into guest rooms, the officials said it was not possible. But, having lived for so many years in Las Vegas, John was accustomed to seeing odd-shaped buildings. He persisted and was able to convince the county of the viability of his plan.

By working with officials to find legal ways to implement his ideas, creation of a unique bed-and-breakfast became possible. The two outer silos each have been divided into two guest rooms, one upstairs and one downstairs. The center silo has a sitting room on the lower floor and a guest room upstairs. The rooms are outfitted with every modern convenience, but their round shape harkens back to their previous use, reminding guests of their accommodations’ farm origins.

 These silos are a symbol of what makes Abbey Road Farm so special. John says it was just a “simple notion to build something inside of an existing structure [that satisfied his need] to reutilize existing resources.” This idea of reuse is also evident in the new chicken coop and the water-treatment building—both of which were built from materials salvaged from a derelict lean-to shed that used to stand near the silos.

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Categories
Urban Farming

The Saga of Baby Jo

Bantam leghorns

Photo by Audrey Pavia

Gray bantam leghorn Baby Jo with her Mama Jo.

We never intended to have roosters, but when two of the rescue “pullets” we adopted grew long wattles and flowing tails, we realized the chicken life on our urban farm would be different than what we had imagined.

Okay, we were going to have fertilized eggs. That’s not so bad. They sell those for extra in the health food store. We would be vigilant about taking the eggs away from the hens right away so they couldn’t hatch. No big deal.
 
But then one of our gray bantam leghorn hens disappeared. At first I thought a coyote or hawk had gotten her. I was surprised and relieved to see her out one morning a week or so later, scratching around with the flock. Later in the day, she disappeared again. That’s when I realized she was sitting on an egg somewhere.
 
Randy and I hunted every day like it was Easter, searching under bushes for that hidden egg. We didn’t give up until the delinquent Jo showed up one day with a tiny gray chick at her side. Seems we hadn’t thought to look under the tack shed.
 
So Billi Jo had hatched an egg. Or was it her identical sister Betty Jo who had done it? Or maybe her other identical sister, Bobbi Jo? We can’t tell the three sister hens apart, and refer to them collectively as “The Jos”. So the chick became — of course — Baby Jo.

My first notion was to capture baby and mom and keep them confined for Baby Jo’s safety. I managed to corner the tiny fuzz ball against the garage door and placed her in the coop. Instead of Mom going into the coop with her chick, she paced along the side, clucking encouragement to Baby Jo. Apparently baby chicks can shape shift into feathered eels because within seconds, Baby Jo had squeezed through the 1-inch square wire mesh and was back outside the coop.

I fretted for days about her safety — worried she’d be taken by a hawk or a crow or who knows what else. But I had underestimated Mama Jo. I have never seen such fierce maternal instincts. Mama Jo protected that chick like she was a grizzly bear. No one was safe. She chased Foxy the cat around the yard if the poor unsuspecting feline wandered too near the baby. She terrorized our Corgi, Nigel, because he dared to stop and stare at the baby the first time he saw her. She even went after me when I made another attempt to capture the little peep.

Mama Jo was never more than a few inches away from Baby Jo, always clucking to her and teaching her the ways of chickenhood. This doting lasted for many months, even after Baby Jo was almost fully grown. Every night, Mama Jo would roost in the coop with her wing over her daughter, who was nearly the same size as she.
 
Today, Baby Jo is a full-grown hen, laying her own eggs and trying to hatch them. She no longer has the protection of her mom, which is too bad, because her aunts constantly remind her that she is low hen on the totem pole. But Baby Jo has an outlet for her frustrations. Find out what that is next week.

Read more of City Stock »

Categories
News

Odors a Top Farm-neighbor Complaint

A study showed that over a 9 year period, surface water and odor complaints were most common
Top complaints from farm neighbors include complaints about odors, surface water and ground water.

As the weather warms for spring and the pace of farm life begins to accelerate, families living on the other side of the farm fence will begin poking their noses outside their houses as well. This could cause tension between farmers and their non-farm neighbors.

Citizen complaints against farmers most often stem from odors. While the odor of farm activities go hand in hand with the daily grind of life for farmers, farm neighbors may not smell things the same ways, says Nicole Olynk, Purdue University agricultural economist. Other common complaints are related to surface or ground water, or even a combination of the three.
 
A 2009 study by Joleen Hadrich and Christopher Wolf at Michigan State University looked at citizen complaints against farms in Michigan from October 1998 to December 2007. The study found that odor and surface water complaints were by far the most common and that all complaints were highest in spring and summer months, when farm work is at its highest and non-farm families spend the most time outdoors.

The study also showed that while livestock operations tended to have more complaints than crop farms, neighbors generally considered manure on fields a crop-related issue.

“Crop farms are not immune to negative perceptions of cropping practices,” Olynk says. “Recent times have seen debates surrounding livestock-production practices and related animal-welfare and humane-treatment concerns. But also in the forefront of citizens’ minds are environmental impacts of agricultural practices.”

One way farmers can reduce friction is being mindful of the ways non-farm neighbors perceive on-farm practices. Small acts of neighborly kindness, such as helping neighbors after snowstorms or inviting them to visit the farm, may build goodwill. Slight modifications to farming practices can also help ease tension.

“Simple changes on the part of farm managers, such as avoidance of spreading manure on weekends or holidays, keeping lines of communication open with neighbors to answer questions regarding practices, and being cautious about moving machinery on roads during peak times can go a long way in building good community relations,” Olynk says.

Categories
Animals

Say Cheese!

Martok
Photo by Sue Weaver

People sometimes ask my Mom how she takes good pictures. Mom says it’s easy if you do the right things.

She says learn from the pros.

Look for the “Pet Paparazzi” article in the July/August 2009 issue of Hobby Farm Home where HFH columnist Jean M. Fogle tells about the six rules to capturing the perfect photos of your pet.

There are also lots of great Web sites where you can learn to photograph dogscatshorses, and even a few about photographing livestock. One of the best is an article about photographing Texas Longhorns.

Check it out; the tips apply to other livestock species too!

Use a digital camera so you can take scads of pictures at mega-low cost. Mom figures she shoots at least 20 bad to so-so images for each one she really likes.

Using a high resolution is important for a good picture

Try to get a camera with a zoom lens, that way you can stay back farther from your subject and the zoom helps keep your subject’s parts in proportion.

Choose the highest resolution setting on your camera. You’ll hate it if you shoot the perfect picture in poor-quality lower-resolution.

Plan your shoot. Find a nice backdrop or at least remove junk from the background you have. Shoot at the right time of day. Morning and evening lighting is perfect; shooting when the sun is overhead casts deep shadows. Stand with the sun at your back or slightly over one shoulder. Watch to make sure your shadow doesn’t spoil the image.

Get down on your subject’s level. Level with the center of its body is perfect. Kneel, sit or lie on your tummy but never shoot from above (that distorts your subject’s body and gives him short legs).

Ask someone to help you by grabbing your subject’s interest at just the right time. Have your helper toodle a kazoo, squeak a squeaky toy, or roll on the ground.

Fill the frame but don’t cut off ears, feet or tails. Or, learn to use photo editing software to crop your favorite shots.

If you’re working alone, be patient. Sit with your camera ready and wait for the perfect picture to happen.

Hint: if you move position, watch where you put your butt. Mom didn’t last week and she sat on a Nodding Thistle rosette. Ow!

Check out samples of Mom’s photos below:

Photo of a sheep by Sue Weaver
Photo of a sheep by Sue Weaver
Photo of goats by Sue Weaver
Photo of a lamb by Sue Weaver
Photo of a sheep by Sue Weaver

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Categories
Urban Farming

Cottage-garden Fever

Rappello ag fair

Photo by Rick Gush

At the ag fair in Rappello, I was tempted by chickens for sale. We now have room at our home for animal additions, though we don’t eat much meat or eggs.

I think one of the most common mistakes we all make with our gardens is what I call Cottage-garden Fever. Cottage gardens are chaotic mixes of one of this and one of that, and while the big mess may be quite charming sometimes, the unfortunate result is a lack of fundamental power.  Gardens that use less species and more individuals of the species that are used are far more powerful. Japanese gardens provide a good example of the simplicity-equals-power theory.

Unfortunately, we all have a tendency to treat our gardens like botanical gardens in which the collections of rare plants take precedence. In California, I worked for some pretty snooty nurseries—the kind with limousine slots in the parking lot—and we nurserymen used to poke fun at our customers who had that sort of landscape. “Portuguese landscaping” we’d call it: “One of every single plant they liked in the nursery.” Of course, now that I live in Europe and know a bit more about the landscaping here, I know that most of the gardens in Portugal actually show a wonderful restraint that makes the gardens quite attractive.

I suffer dreadfully from Cottage-garden Fever, and I’m a sucker for anything that looks good in the nursery. But I know about this problem I have, and I’m pushing myself hard to resist and just propagate and spread the plant species I already have in the garden instead of buying new plant species to fill the blank spots.

Rappello ag fair

Photo by Rick Gush

The ag fair in Rappello featured a show by the Italian semi-pro chainsaw team.

I’m similarly afflicted in the agricultural department as well. I’d love to have a tractor, a vineyard, a greenhouse, an olive orchard and every piece of equipment in the farm store, but I don’t really need any of that. I now have the space where I could raise bees, chickens, rabbits or even a goat if I wished. The attraction is very strong, even though we don’t actually eat many eggs or meats. I also have a fantasy about having a few goats and making our own cheese.

I do know, however, that I’ve already got more than I can really handle with the vegetable garden. I’ve got all the tools and equipment I need, and taking on the responsibility for some animals’ well-being is not a decision to be taken lightly.

All this made the recent ag fair in Rapallo a bit difficult for me. It’s a swell event with a bunch of booths selling all sorts of plants, animals and ag equipment. Bees, chickens, geese, ducks, turkeys, rabbits, goats and sheep were all offered for sale. The annual event also features a stop on the Italian semi-pro team chainsaw circuit, and they play one of their dates here at this fair every year.  I already borrowed a friend’s chainsaw to cut down the few dozen scrub trees on the garden site, so I don’t really need a chainsaw, but I will admit I find them very attractive.

So, I suppose it was a good thing that my wife accompanied me on my visit to the fair this year, as I successfully toured all the booths and exhibits without buying a new chainsaw, a new flowering plant or a gaggle of geese. I think the garden will be more powerful as a result.

Categories
Crops & Gardening

Life Is Just Right

Gardening is the perfect thing in life
Photo by Jessica Walliser

I’m sitting on the patio right now.  Laptop on my lap, lemonade to my left, dogs at my feet, chickens picking nearby and my son ‘harvesting’ all the dandelions he can hold. 

Life feels just right.

Another positive: It’s tomato planting time! 

I can’t tell you how much I love deciding which tomatoes to plant in the garden each year.  We are lucky enough to have a small urban farmer here in Pittsburgh who grows about a hundred varieties of heirloom tomatoes organically (you can find Mindy here). 

There is something so exciting about reading through the website and picking the 15 different varieties I know I have room for.  Pairing down is no easy chore, mind you, but I have plenty of opportunity to try something new every season.  I haven’t made my choices yet but I’d better hurry since I’m headed to the local May Mart on Friday to buy them. 

The garden is all ready for their arrival.  Newspaper has been spread over the planting area and is now covered with composted leaves, stakes have been hammered in and the paths have a nice new blanket of straw mulch.  I hope they like their new home.  I hope they feel productive and appreciated here.  And, most of all, I hope they too find life here to be just right.

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